The Hospital has a long history of teaching. In August 1932, the Shandong provincial Medical college was established under the joint leadership of the Ministry of Education of Nanjing KMT Government and the Shandong Provincial Department of Education. The length of schooling was five years (later changed to four years).

　　In January 1947, the Military Medical School of the New Fourth Army was renamed East China Bethune Medical College. During the same period, East China International Peace Hospital, one origin of Shandong Provincial Hospital, developed by the Department of Health of the New Fourth Army, was a clinical teaching hospital of Bethune Medical College. In September 1948, after Jinan was liberated, the East China Bethune Medical College was moved from Yidu (Today’s Qingzhou in Weifang) to Jingwu Weijiu Road, Jinan. In November of the same year, Shandong Provincial Medical College merged with East China Bethune Medical College. It was named East China Bethune Medical College. In May 1949, the East China Bethune Medical College was governed by Shandong Provincial People's Government from the East China Field Army, which was renamed Shandong Provincial Medical College. In October 1950, Shandong Provincial Medical College was renamed Shandong Medical College.

　　In 1952, Due to the reorganization of departments, Shandong Medical College merged with Medical College of Qilu University to form the new Shandong Medical College. In 1959, the hospital undertook 60% of the clinical teaching work in Shandong Medical College. In 1981, Shandong Medical College became one of the first institutions granting doctor and master degrees in China. The hospital served as the training base at that time. In 1986, Shandong Medical College began to recruit doctoral students.

　　In 1985, the Ministry of Health decided to rename Shandong Medical College to Shandong Medical University. In July 2000, Shandong University, Shandong Medical University and Shandong Polytechnic University were merged to form the new Shandong University. The School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Medical School of former Shandong Medical University were merged to establish the Medical School of Shandong University (today’s Qilu Medical Department of Shandong University). In February 2019, Shandong First Medical University was officially established. In December 2019, the Hospital was officially renamed the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University.

　　The Hospital currently undertakes the training tasks for undergraduates and graduates from Shandong First Medical University, Shandong University and other institutions. There are nearly 2,000 undergraduates and postgraduates. Since 2002, the Hospital has aimed to cultivate professional medical talents in line with the global medical field, which has adopted measures such as the bilingual teaching system and the "one-to-one" teaching system to continuously improve the teaching quality of international students. At present, the Hospital has undertaken clinical teaching for nearly 300 undergraduate international students majoring in clinical medicine.

　　The Hospital currently has 669 undergraduate teachers, more than 100 doctoral tutors and more than 400 master tutors. Among them, there is one Baosteel Outstanding Teacher of the Ministry of Education, two members of the Teaching Steering Committee for Clinical Medicine Specialty of Ministry of Education, one member from the Standing Committee of the Diagnostics Steering Committee at the Clinical Medical Education Research Association of the National Association for Higher Medical Education, one vice chairman of Medical Teaching Steering Committee at Shandong Steering Committee of Undergraduate Education. Many of them have been awarded excellent teachers supervising master thesis, excellent clinical teachers, role model medical education workers at the provincial, university or school level. Besides, they have won a number of teaching achievement awards at the provincial, university or school level.

　　Two courses of the Hospital have been recognized as one of the first national first-class undergraduate courses and excellent teaching project, a research project of undergraduate teaching reform of Shandong province in 2020. Five online and offline quality medical courses at the provincial and university-level have been taught and several courses have been launched on MOOC.

　　In recent years, on behalf of Shandong University, the Hospital has won the Best Cooperation Team Award and Excellent Team Award in the First National Clinical Skill Competition for International Students in China, first team prize in the Second Clinical Skill Competition for University Students in Shandong province and the second team prize four times in the Clinical Skills Competition for College Student.